Relations between the Romanian government and the Orthodox Church after World War II changed several times with the change of the party’s policy and role of the church in socialist Romania. After the persecution and arrests of clergy in the 1960s, the church became a useful tool in promoting Romanianism in Transylvania and Banat, a loyal ally of the communist authorities. After the Romanian revolution (1989), its role in shaping national belonging and national identity in the official one government policy has increased. The aim of the research and analysis carried out is an attempt to indicate the dynamics of changes in clergy vocations and administrative structures in the Romanian Orthodox Church and to assess the role played by the government-Church relationship in shaping the official identity policy of the state, as well as national identity in the post-revolution period. The work uses statistical data presenting changes in the Romanian Church and the report “Religious beliefs and nationality in Central and Eastern Europe” developed by the Pew Research Center based on surveys carried out in 2015–2016.