After the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), the post-Soviet states made some integration efforts. The first of these took place between the neighbouring countries of Belarus and Russia. After 1991, there appeared concepts of establishing new integration structures, which for years were initiated and supported by the leaders of both countries. Russian-Belarusian cooperation is based on political and economic Eurasian integration. Russia and Belarus feel a civilizational and cultural proximity based on historical grounds which extends to the present day. The willingness of both nations to cooperate is fuelled by historical, socio-cultural, energy and security aspects.