Food problems have been present in the international space for a number of decades, and the phenomenon in question is usually associated with the efforts commonly referred to as combating hunger or food security. The activities launched in recent years, however, allows us to look at the problem from a slightly different perspective. One such opportunity is provided by the analysis of the activity of the organisation called La Vía Campesina and the related idea of food sovereignty. Therefore, the hypothesis put forward in the article is intended to point out that one of the most fundamental food problems of the contemporary world comes down not to the lack of food but to the weaknesses in its distribution. Moreover, this text is a voice in the discussion on the limited freedom of operation of non-state actors in the changing global order. To address these issues, the author has discussed the key circumstances related to the establishment of La Vía Campesina, followed by a presentation of the principles of this transnational movement, with special attention to the analysis of the phenomenon of food sovereignty. The text is concluded by a presentation and evaluation of La Vía Campesina’s activities.